国外在20世纪80年代开始尝试玻璃结构的工程应用,比如1984年由荷兰人Jan benthem和MelsCrouwel建造的承重全玻璃幕墙结构(词条“玻璃幕墙结构”由行业大百科提供)。意大利米兰的建筑与玻璃设计师组合Santambrogio ( Carlo Santambrogio和EnnioArosic)设计的两套全玻璃建筑(图3.1),由玻璃肋与玻璃板组成T型截面柱,玻璃梁与玻璃柱通过螺栓连接形成框架结构体系,建筑内部的玻璃楼梯、玻璃茶几、玻璃柜、玻璃床等,均通过螺栓拼接而成。
2015年开放的梵高博物馆新入口大厅(图3.2)是由KishoKurokawa建筑事务所、Hans van Heeswijk建筑事务所和Octatube结构设计师合作完成,是目前荷兰最大玻璃结构大厅。入口大厅结构设计是由球形玻璃屋盖、冷弯(词条“冷弯”由行业大百科提供)玻璃幕墙及钢结构组成的混合结构(词条“混合结构”由行业大百科提供),玻璃楼梯由玻璃拱门支撑。玻璃屋盖由不同尺寸的隔热玻璃及夹层玻璃单元组成,并通过SG多夹层玻璃肋支撑,最大加劲肋长12m,高700mm。玻璃梁与主钢框架胶结连接,为玻璃屋盖提供支撑。弧形幕墙由冷弯隔热玻璃单元组成,通过20个不同的三夹层玻璃加劲肋固定,加劲肋最长尺寸为9.4m,幕墙最小弯曲半径为11.5m[39]。
François Fontès在2017年设计建造的法国蒙皮利埃医学院外立面采用了玻璃肋约束的玻璃幕墙(图3.3),玻璃板最大尺寸为3.8m×2.8m,玻璃肋高达12.71m,采用钛金属植入式节点连接来保证结构横向屈曲及地震荷载下的稳定性[40]。
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